Moringa oleifera in a modern time: a comprehensive review of its nutritional and bioactive composition as a natural solution for managing diabetes mellitus

This comprehensive systematic review examined 45 studies investigating Moringa oleifera's potential role in diabetes management. The review focused primarily on moringa leaf preparations and their effects on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetic populations. Research suggests that moringa's bioactive compounds, particularly isothiocyanates, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid, may contribute to improved glucose control through multiple mechanisms. Studies indicate that moringa supplementation was associated with reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c levels, and markers of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. The review highlighted moringa's rich nutritional profile, including high levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds that may support overall metabolic health. However, the authors noted significant variability in study designs, dosages, and preparation methods across the reviewed literature. The analysis revealed that while many studies showed promising results for glucose management, the quality and standardization of clinical trials varied considerably. The review emphasized the need for more rigorous, standardized clinical trials to establish optimal dosing protocols and confirm long-term safety and efficacy for diabetes management.